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Chapter 2 · Contents of the Gītā Summarized · 72 verses

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How to study this verse, in six steps
  1. 1Remember who is speaking. Kṛṣṇa is speaking. Take the verse as He directs.
  2. 2Say the verse and its words. Read the Sanskrit, then each word with its meaning.
  3. 3Read the translation as it is. Let the translation say what it says, without adding your own meaning.
  4. 4Read the purport. Hear the verse through the disciplic succession.
  5. 5Bring your own question. Ask: where does this verse meet my life, my trouble, my doubt?
  6. 6Act on it, remembering Kṛṣṇa. Carry one instruction into your work today.
Read the full guide: how to read the Bhagavad-gītā ›
Nature & guṇasChapter 2 · Contents of the Gītā Summarized

Bhagavad-gītā As It Is · Text 2.45

Transcending material modes and aims

Prakṛti · Material nature

त्रैगुण्यविषया वेदा निस्त्रैगुण्यो भवार्जुन ।

निर्द्वन्द्वो नित्यसत्त्वस्थो निर्योगक्षेम आत्मवान् ॥ ४५ ॥

trai-guṇya-viṣayā vedā

nistrai-guṇyo bhavārjuna

nirdvandvo nitya-sattva-stho

niryoga-kṣema ātmavān

Translation

The Vedas deal mainly with the subject of the three modes of material nature. O Arjuna, become transcendental to these three modes. Be free from all dualities and from all anxieties for gain and safety, and be established in the self.

Read Śrīla Prabhupāda's purport on Vedabase.io
1

Understand it

What this verse is saying, and where it sits in the story.

3 study points

Beyond the Three Modes

  1. 1

    The Vedas mainly deal with the three material modes. Kṛṣṇa tells Arjuna to rise above them, become free from dualities and worries about gain and safety, and be established in the self.

  2. 2

    Work for material rewards causes bondage. Vedic wisdom gradually guides people from sense enjoyment toward spiritual realization.

  3. 3

    Learn to tolerate happiness and distress, cold and warmth. This spiritual position is fully achieved in Kṛṣṇa consciousness by depending completely on Kṛṣṇa’s good will.

Key points from the purport

Rise above Vedic karma-kanda — Here Krishna tells Arjuna to rise above the “materialistic portions of the Vedas”, by knowing their ultimate purpose of serving Krishna

Buddhi-yoga is transcendental to Karma-kandi rituals which deal with the three modes of material nature

Become transcendental to these three modes

Be free from all dualities and all anxieties for gain and safety

Be established in the self

a

What is material activities all about — All material activities involve action and reactions in the three modes of material nature, and they create more bondage

b

Why to rise above the Vedas — because they are contaminated by the three modes and mainly deal with fruitive actions

c

Why Vedas deal with the 3 modes — The purpose is “gradual elevation” to a position on the transcendental plane from a field of sense gratification

d

Working of science of Vedas / How Vedas work to elevate a living entity

Teaches how to live in material world and gradually elevate

When Karma-kanda section finished – Spiritual realization is offered as different Upanisads

Upanisads (As part of different Vedas) mark the beginning of human life

Vedanta is the transcendental position which starts with Brahma-jijnasa

e

Provokes Arjuna to rise above Karma-kandi rituals and thus defeats the argument of “Destruction of Family Traditions” of Chapter 1

Tolerate dualities, which continue as long as material body exists

Become free of anxiety of loss and gain

Be established in the ‘self’

This transcendental position is achieved in full Krishna consciousness, because one is fully dependent on the goodwill of Krishna

Further reading

Buddhi–Yoga — Fight!

FIGHT! But without any reaction – Niskarma-karma-yoga

One works (karma) with knowledge (jnana)

Thus detached from the fruit of his work

Chapter 2, section IV: Buddhi–Yoga — Fight!
2

Word for word

Learn the Sanskrit words of the verse.

  1. trai-guṇyapertaining to the three modes of material nature
  2. viṣayāḥon the subject matter
  3. vedāḥVedic literatures
  4. nistrai-guṇyaḥtranscendental to the three modes of material nature
  5. bhavabe
  6. arjunaO Arjuna
  7. nirdvandvaḥwithout duality
  8. nitya-sattva-sthaḥin a pure state of spiritual existence
  9. niryoga-kṣemaḥfree from ideas of gain and protection
  10. ātma-vānestablished in the self
3

Key ideas in this verse

The spiritual concepts this verse connects to.

Key ideas: prakṛti, guṇa.

4

Live it

Take one thing from this verse into your day.

Ask yourself

What does BG 2.45 establish in Śrīla Prabhupāda's translation and purport, and how does it connect to nature & guṇas?

Practice

Observe which mode shaped your last decision.

5

The story behind it

Mahābhārata episodes and stories from the purports that shed light on this verse.

All stories for chapter 2 ›
6

Related verses

Keep going: verses that carry this teaching further.

Live this todayDo Your Duty Without AttachmentA practice from BG 2.47, close to this verse

Study notes are editorial summaries, not the translation. Confirm them in the original text and purport.