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Chapter 2 · Contents of the Gītā Summarized · 72 verses

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How to study this verse, in six steps
  1. 1Remember who is speaking. Kṛṣṇa is speaking. Take the verse as He directs.
  2. 2Say the verse and its words. Read the Sanskrit, then each word with its meaning.
  3. 3Read the translation as it is. Let the translation say what it says, without adding your own meaning.
  4. 4Read the purport. Hear the verse through the disciplic succession.
  5. 5Bring your own question. Ask: where does this verse meet my life, my trouble, my doubt?
  6. 6Act on it, remembering Kṛṣṇa. Carry one instruction into your work today.
Read the full guide: how to read the Bhagavad-gītā ›
Soul & knowledgeChapter 2 · Contents of the Gītā Summarized

Bhagavad-gītā As It Is · Text 2.28

The eternal soul beyond bodily death

Kāla · Time

अव्यक्तादीनि भूतानि व्यक्तमध्यानि भारत ।

अव्यक्तनिधनान्येव तत्र का परिदेवना ॥ २८ ॥

avyaktādīni bhūtāni

vyakta-madhyāni bhārata

avyakta-nidhanāny eva

tatra kā paridevanā

Translation

All created beings are unmanifest in their beginning, manifest in their interim state, and unmanifest again when annihilated. So what need is there for lamentation?

Read Śrīla Prabhupāda's purport on Vedabase.io
1

Understand it

What this verse is saying, and where it sits in the story.

3 study points

No Cause for Lamentation

  1. 1

    Created beings are unmanifest before creation, manifest for a time, and unmanifest again after destruction. Why lament?

  2. 2

    Even if one does not believe in the soul, material elements are not lost; they become unmanifest again.

  3. 3

    The Vedic conclusion is that the soul is eternal and the body perishable. Losing the body is like changing a dress, so there is no cause for lamentation.

Key points from the purport

Death generates no loss, irrespective of the philosophy followed; therefore there is no cause of lamentation

All created beings are unmanifest in their beginning

They are manifest in the interim state

They become unmanifest again when annihilated

a

Srila Prabhupada establishes that the loss of body is never a cause of lamentation

Whether you accept the existence of the soul or not

b

If you do not accept soul

Then the body changes from unmanifest to manifest to unmanifest

Conservation of energy and matter is maintained – thus there is no reason to lament

Analogy: Skyscraper – (study purport – skyscraper manifests from earth and goes back into the earth)

c

If you accept soul

Analogy: Then the body is like a dress

Or like a dream (e.g. flying in the sky or sitting on the chariot as a king)

Nobody laments for the change of dress or situations of a dream

d

Vedic wisdom — encourages self-realization on the basis of non-existence of the material body

Further reading

Jnana — Fight!

There is no death for the soul. The body can never be saved

Chapter 2, section II: Jnana — Fight!
2

Word for word

Learn the Sanskrit words of the verse.

  1. avyakta-ādīniin the beginning unmanifested
  2. bhūtāniall that are created
  3. vyaktamanifested
  4. madhyāniin the middle
  5. bhārataO descendant of Bharata
  6. avyaktanonmanifested
  7. nidhanāniwhen vanquished
  8. evait is all like that
3

Key ideas in this verse

The spiritual concepts this verse connects to.

Key ideas: ātmā, jñāna.

4

Live it

Take one thing from this verse into your day.

Ask yourself

What does BG 2.28 establish in Śrīla Prabhupāda's translation and purport, and how does it connect to soul & knowledge?

Practice

Spend five minutes reflecting on what in you does not change.

5

Related verses

Keep going: verses that carry this teaching further.

Live this todayFacing What Duty RequiresA practice from BG 2.27, close to this verse

Study notes are editorial summaries, not the translation. Confirm them in the original text and purport.