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Chapter 1 · Observing the Armies on the Battlefield of Kurukṣetra · 46 verses

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How to study this verse, in six steps
  1. 1Remember who is speaking. Kṛṣṇa is speaking. Take the verse as He directs.
  2. 2Say the verse and its words. Read the Sanskrit, then each word with its meaning.
  3. 3Read the translation as it is. Let the translation say what it says, without adding your own meaning.
  4. 4Read the purport. Hear the verse through the disciplic succession.
  5. 5Bring your own question. Ask: where does this verse meet my life, my trouble, my doubt?
  6. 6Act on it, remembering Kṛṣṇa. Carry one instruction into your work today.
Read the full guide: how to read the Bhagavad-gītā ›
Questions & crisisChapter 1 · Observing the Armies on the Battlefield of Kurukṣetra

Bhagavad-gītā As It Is · Text 1.32

The fear of family destruction and sin

Karma · Action

किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा ।

येषामर्थे काङ्‍‍क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च ॥ ३२ ॥

त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च ।

आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः ॥ ३3 ॥

मातुलाः श्वश‍ुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा ।

एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्न‍तोऽपि मधुसूदन ॥ ३४ ॥

अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते ।

निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्ज‍नार्दन ॥ ३५ ॥

kiṁ no rājyena govinda

kiṁ bhogair jīvitena vā

yeṣām arthe kāṅkṣitaṁ no

rājyaṁ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca

ta ime ’vasthitā yuddhe

prāṇāṁs tyaktvā dhanāni ca

ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrās

tathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ

mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ

śyālāḥ sambandhinas tathā

etān na hantum icchāmi

ghnato ’pi madhusūdana

api trailokya-rājyasya

hetoḥ kiṁ nu mahī-kṛte

nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrān naḥ

kā prītiḥ syāj janārdana

Translation

O Govinda, of what avail to us are a kingdom, happiness or even life itself when all those for whom we may desire them are now arrayed on this battlefield? O Madhusūdana, when teachers, fathers, sons, grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives are ready to give up their lives and properties and are standing before me, why should I wish to kill them, even though they might otherwise kill me? O maintainer of all living entities, I am not prepared to fight with them even in exchange for the three worlds, let alone this earth. What pleasure will we derive from killing the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra?

Read Śrīla Prabhupāda's purport on Vedabase.io
1

Understand it

What this verse is saying, and where it sits in the story.

3 study points

Whose Pleasure Comes First?

  1. 1

    Arjuna questions the use of kingdom, happiness or life without loved ones, and his affection and natural compassion make him unwilling to fight.

  2. 2

    Govinda is not meant to serve our senses; by satisfying His senses, our own senses are automatically satisfied.

  3. 3

    A devotee seeks the Lord’s pleasure, accepting wealth for His service only if He wills it.

Key points from the purport

These notes cover verses 1.32–35

Arjuna exhibits “typical calculation of material life”. He feels that fighting will not give him any enjoyment even if he is victorious because:

He wants to show off his opulence and share with the society after victory

Also if there is any need to kill his relatives, let Krishna kill them

a

Arjuna misuses the name ‘Govinda’

Meaning of ‘Govinda’ – Krishna is the object of all pleasures for the cows and the senses

What Arjuna indicates by addressing Krishna as ‘Govinda’

He indicates that Krishna should understand what will satisfy Arjuna’s senses

Material understanding of God – Materially everyone wants to satisfy his senses and wants God to be his order supplier for such satisfaction

What is the right conception of the name ‘Govinda’

Lord will satisfy the senses of the living entities as much as they deserve, but not to the extent they may covet

Because ‘Govinda’ is not meant for satisfying our senses

Right conception – When one tries to satisfy the senses of ‘Govinda’ without desiring to satisfy one’s own senses, then by the grace of ‘Govinda’ all the desires of the living entities are satisfied FOCUS OF LEARNING: PURPORTS 1.32 — 1.35 continued… Srila Prabhupada now compares typical calculation of material life and transcendental life:

b

Typical calculation of material life

Show off tendency – Everyone wants to show off his opulence to friends and relatives, but Arjuna fears that all of them will be killed on the battlefield

To be so-called ‘good man’ – Arjuna did not want to kill his relatives, and even if there was any need to kill them,he desires that Krishna kill them and he should not be involved

c

Transcendental life

Transcendental life – Devotee wants to satisfy the Lord’s desire

He can, Lord willing, accept all kinds of opulences for the service of the Lord

What is the Lord’s desire here – He wants Arjuna to fight

Why Lord is so determined to fight – He can excuse a person on His own account, but he excuses no-one who has done harm to his devotees

By the Lord’s plan they were already killed; He just wants Arjuna to be an instrument

If the Lord is not willing, he should not accept a farthing (One should give up all selfish likes and dislikes)

Similarly Arjuna is told to execute the Lord’s desire and not to exhibit his own desires

Of course Arjuna’s own desires do reflect the following qualities:

Arjuna’s deep affection for community and family is exhibited here partially due to his natural compassion for them

As a natural devotee Arjuna did not like to retaliate against his miscreant cousins and brothers ARJUNA’S THIRD ARGUMENT — FEAR OF SINFUL REACTIONS (1.36 — 1.38)

Refutation:

Lord Krishna refutes this argument in Texts 2.33 — 2.37

Further reading
2

Word for word

Learn the Sanskrit words of the verse.

  1. kimwhat use
  2. naḥto us
  3. rājyenais the kingdom
  4. govindaO Kṛṣṇa
  5. kimwhat
  6. bhogaiḥenjoyment
  7. jīvitenaliving
  8. vāeither
3

Key ideas in this verse

The spiritual concepts this verse connects to.

Key ideas: saṁśaya, viṣāda.

4

Live it

Take one thing from this verse into your day.

Ask yourself

What does BG 1.32 establish in Śrīla Prabhupāda's translation and purport, and how does it connect to questions & crisis?

Practice

Write down the real question behind your current dilemma.

5

The story behind it

Mahābhārata episodes and stories from the purports that shed light on this verse.

All stories for chapter 1 ›
6

Related verses

Keep going: verses that carry this teaching further.

Live this todayReal Self-Interest Lies in KṛṣṇaA practice from BG 1.30, close to this verse

Study notes are editorial summaries, not the translation. Confirm them in the original text and purport.