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Chapter 1 · Observing the Armies on the Battlefield of Kurukṣetra · 46 verses

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How to study this verse, in six steps
  1. 1Remember who is speaking. Kṛṣṇa is speaking. Take the verse as He directs.
  2. 2Say the verse and its words. Read the Sanskrit, then each word with its meaning.
  3. 3Read the translation as it is. Let the translation say what it says, without adding your own meaning.
  4. 4Read the purport. Hear the verse through the disciplic succession.
  5. 5Bring your own question. Ask: where does this verse meet my life, my trouble, my doubt?
  6. 6Act on it, remembering Kṛṣṇa. Carry one instruction into your work today.
Read the full guide: how to read the Bhagavad-gītā ›
Questions & crisisChapter 1 · Observing the Armies on the Battlefield of Kurukṣetra

Bhagavad-gītā As It Is · Text 1.15

The armies gather; conches sound

Karma · Action

पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः ।

पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः ॥ १५ ॥

pāñcajanyaṁ hṛṣīkeśo

devadattaṁ dhanañ-jayaḥ

pauṇḍraṁ dadhmau mahā-śaṅkhaṁ

bhīma-karmā vṛkodaraḥ

Translation

Lord Kṛṣṇa blew His conchshell, called Pāñcajanya; Arjuna blew his, the Devadatta; and Bhīma, the voracious eater and performer of herculean tasks, blew his terrific conchshell, called Pauṇḍra.

Read Śrīla Prabhupāda's purport on Vedabase.io
1

Understand it

What this verse is saying, and where it sits in the story.

3 study points

Kṛṣṇa Directs the Senses

  1. 1

    Kṛṣṇa is Hṛṣīkeśa, the owner of all senses; living beings and their senses are parts of Him.

  2. 2

    From within each heart, Kṛṣṇa guides the senses according to one’s surrender and directly controls His pure devotee Arjuna’s senses.

  3. 3

    The conchshells encouraged the Pāṇḍava soldiers and announced the opposing side’s destined defeat, for that side lacked Kṛṣṇa, the supreme director.

Key points from the purport

These notes cover verses 1.13–18

All Pandavas blew conchshells and all other instruments that made a tumultuous sound

NAMES OF DIFFERENT CONCHSHELLS:

S. No Warriors Conchshell

1

Krishna Panchajanya

2

Arjuna Devadatta

3

Yudhishtara Anantavijaya

4

Bhima Paundra

5

Nakula Sughosa

6

Sahadeva Manipushpaka

Text 1.14 purport is covered under the main theme ‘Signs of Victory of Pandavas’ above. Purports for Texts 1.15 to 1.18 are presented in the ‘Focus of Learning’ sections below

a

Message announced by conchshells — Blowing of conchshells announced the message that Kauravas were predestined to lose the battle

b

Importance of names

Hrsikesha

Owner of all senses / senses of living entities are part and parcels of His senses

Impersonalists cannot account for the senses of the living entities and they are always anxious to describe the living entities as sense-less or impersonal

Lord as Paramatma directs the senses according to the surrender of the living entity

Directly controls transcendental senses of a pure devotee like Arjuna

Govinda – Pleasure-giver to cows and senses

Dhananjaya – Arjuna helped elder brother to fetch wealth for different sacrifices

Vrkodara – Eat as voraciously as he could do herculean tasks (Bhima)

Few other names explained – Madhusudana / Vasudeva / Devaki-nandana / Yasoda- nandana / Partha-sarthy (Read 1.15 purport) FOCUS OF LEARNING: PURPORTS 1.16 — 1.18

a

Sanjaya very tactfully informed King Dhrtarashtra of the following points through all the above mentioned verses:

His unwise policy of deceiving the sons of Pandu and endeavoring to enthrone his own sons was not very laudable

All the signs indicate that the whole Kuru dynasty would be killed

From the grandsire Bhisma to the grandson Abhimanyu, and all the kings of all states were doomed

And Dhrtarashtra was the cause of the whole catastrophe because he encouraged the policy followed by his sons

Further reading
2

Word for word

Learn the Sanskrit words of the verse.

  1. pāñcajanyamthe conchshell named Pāñcajanya
  2. hṛṣīka-īśaḥHṛṣīkeśa (Kṛṣṇa, the Lord who directs the senses of the devotees)
  3. devadattamthe conchshell named Devadatta
  4. dhanam-jayaḥDhanañjaya (Arjuna, the winner of wealth)
  5. pauṇḍramthe conch named Pauṇḍra
  6. dadhmaublew
  7. mahā-śaṅkhamthe terrific conchshell
  8. bhīma-karmāone who performs herculean tasks
  9. vṛka-udaraḥthe voracious eater (Bhīma)
3

Key ideas in this verse

The spiritual concepts this verse connects to.

Key ideas: saṁśaya, viṣāda.

4

Live it

Take one thing from this verse into your day.

Ask yourself

What does BG 1.15 establish in Śrīla Prabhupāda's translation and purport, and how does it connect to questions & crisis?

Practice

Write down the real question behind your current dilemma.

5

The story behind it

Mahābhārata episodes and stories from the purports that shed light on this verse.

All stories for chapter 1 ›
6

Related verses

Keep going: verses that carry this teaching further.

Live this todayThe Soft Heart of a DevoteeA practice from BG 1.28, close to this verse

Study notes are editorial summaries, not the translation. Confirm them in the original text and purport.