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Chapter 13 · Nature, the Enjoyer and Consciousness · 35 verses

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How to study this verse, in six steps
  1. 1Remember who is speaking. Kṛṣṇa is speaking. Take the verse as He directs.
  2. 2Say the verse and its words. Read the Sanskrit, then each word with its meaning.
  3. 3Read the translation as it is. Let the translation say what it says, without adding your own meaning.
  4. 4Read the purport. Hear the verse through the disciplic succession.
  5. 5Bring your own question. Ask: where does this verse meet my life, my trouble, my doubt?
  6. 6Act on it, remembering Kṛṣṇa. Carry one instruction into your work today.
Read the full guide: how to read the Bhagavad-gītā ›
Nature & guṇasChapter 13 · Nature, the Enjoyer and Consciousness

Bhagavad-gītā As It Is · Text 13.20

Prakṛti, puruṣa and conditioning

Prakṛti · Material nature

प्रकृतिं पुरुषं चैव विद्ध्यनादी उभावपि ।

विकारांश्च गुणांश्चैव विद्धि प्रकृतिसम्भवान् ॥ २० ॥

prakṛtiṁ puruṣaṁ caiva

viddhy anādī ubhāv api

vikārāṁś ca guṇāṁś caiva

viddhi prakṛti-sambhavān

Translation

Material nature and the living entities should be understood to be beginningless. Their transformations and the modes of matter are products of material nature.

Read Śrīla Prabhupāda's purport on Vedabase.io
1

Understand it

What this verse is saying, and where it sits in the story.

3 study points

Nature and the Living Entity

  1. 1

    Material nature and living entities have no beginning. Transformations and the modes of matter come from material nature.

  2. 2

    Prabhupāda explains that each living entity is a spiritual part of the Supreme Lord. Bodily changes do not change the soul.

  3. 3

    Use this chance in the material world to serve the Supreme Lord and prepare to enter the spiritual world.

Key points from the purport

All good and bad events occur in matter

Material nature and living entities are beginningless. (Their union is described as anadi, beginningless)

Their “transformations” and “modes of matter” are products of material nature

a

Chapter 13 tells us about the body and differences between the two knowers of the body

Body is the field and the embodied individual soul is enjoying the activities of the body and therefore called Purusha – living entity is in the category of Lord’s energy

Supersoul is another knower of the body; in the category of the Lord’s personal expansion

b

Mystery of material creation

Similarity – Both living entity and material nature are eternal

Material nature is eternal, although specific manifestations of matter are temporary

Living entity is eternal because of being Lord’s superior energy

Difference between material nature and living entity

Material nature has constant transformation, but nature of living entity is Non- changing

Material nature is absorbed in the Supreme Personality of Godhead, ‘Maha-Vishnu’ and whenever required, it is manifested through the mahat-tattva

The Living entity also gets absorbed in ‘Maha-Vishnu’ and with the coming of the material nature they are given a chance to prepare to go back to Godhead

c

Why the eternal living entity falls down to material world

Due to rebellious nature

It really does not matter how we came in contact with matter

The Supreme Lord knows “how and why” this took place

d

What does the Lord focus on in the scriptures

The living entity attracted by the material nature is undergoing a hard struggle for material existence

Know for certain that all “transformations” and “influences of material nature by the three modes” are productions of material nature

As far as spirit soul is concerned living entities are all the same and all transformations and varieties are due to the body

Connected verses · 1

Texts 13.20 & 13.21

The relationship between the living entity and the changes caused by material nature is elaborated upon in the next verse.

Further reading

Krishna Explains Prakrti, Purusa And Their Union

(Krishna addresses the 1st and 2nd questions)

Prakrti, Purusa (the “jiva” or ksetra-jna) and their union (13.20-13.22):

Material nature causes all material changes and effects, and

Living entity meets with good and bad according to the qualities he has acquired due to his association with material nature

Paramatma Purusa (ksetra-jna) (13.23): The Supersoul exists within all bodies as the overseer, the permitter, and the supreme proprietor.

Result: One who understands the prakrti, purusa and their interactions attains liberation from birth in material world

Other methods of obtaining liberation are jnana, astanga and karma (13.25 – 13.26)

Chapter 13, section IV: Krishna Explains Prakrti, Purusa And Their Union
2

Word for word

Learn the Sanskrit words of the verse.

  1. prakṛtimmaterial nature
  2. puruṣamthe living entities
  3. caalso
  4. evacertainly
  5. viddhiyou must know
  6. anādīwithout beginning
  7. ubhauboth
  8. apialso
3

Key ideas in this verse

The spiritual concepts this verse connects to.

  • Material nature

    Material nature and the living entities are described as beginningless.

4

Live it

Take one thing from this verse into your day.

Ask yourself

What does BG 13.20 establish in Śrīla Prabhupāda's translation and purport, and how does it connect to nature & guṇas?

Practice

Observe which mode shaped your last decision.

5

The story behind it

Mahābhārata episodes and stories from the purports that shed light on this verse.

All stories for chapter 13 ›
6

Related verses

Keep going: verses that carry this teaching further.

Live this todayKnow the Two KnowersA practice from BG 13.3, close to this verse

Study notes are editorial summaries, not the translation. Confirm them in the original text and purport.