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Chapter 12 · Devotional Service · 20 verses

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How to study this verse, in six steps
  1. 1Remember who is speaking. Kṛṣṇa is speaking. Take the verse as He directs.
  2. 2Say the verse and its words. Read the Sanskrit, then each word with its meaning.
  3. 3Read the translation as it is. Let the translation say what it says, without adding your own meaning.
  4. 4Read the purport. Hear the verse through the disciplic succession.
  5. 5Bring your own question. Ask: where does this verse meet my life, my trouble, my doubt?
  6. 6Act on it, remembering Kṛṣṇa. Carry one instruction into your work today.
Read the full guide: how to read the Bhagavad-gītā ›
Questions & crisisChapter 12 · Devotional Service

Bhagavad-gītā As It Is · Text 12.1

Arjuna asks about personal and impersonal worship

Īśvara · God

अर्जुन उवाच

एवं सततयुक्ता ये भक्तास्त्वां पर्युपासते ।

ये चाप्यक्षरमव्यक्तं तेषां के योगवित्तमा: ॥ १ ॥

arjuna uvāca

evaṁ satata-yuktā ye

bhaktās tvāṁ paryupāsate

ye cāpy akṣaram avyaktaṁ

teṣāṁ ke yoga-vittamāḥ

Translation

Arjuna inquired: Which are considered to be more perfect, those who are always properly engaged in Your devotional service or those who worship the impersonal Brahman, the unmanifested?

Read Śrīla Prabhupāda's purport on Vedabase.io
1

Understand it

What this verse is saying, and where it sits in the story.

3 study points

Devotion to Kṛṣṇa

  1. 1

    Arjuna asks who is more perfect: those serving Kṛṣṇa with devotion or those worshiping the unmanifested, impersonal Brahman.

  2. 2

    Prabhupāda explains that devotional service is the highest path and the easiest, most direct way to associate with Kṛṣṇa.

  3. 3

    To seek Kṛṣṇa’s association, engage your energy in devotional service to Him.

Key points from the purport

Arjuna wants to clarify which is more perfect:

Those who always properly engage in devotional service, or

Worshipers of the impersonal Brahman, the unmanifested

a

Two classes of transcendentalists — Impersonalists and Personalists

Personalist – engages himself with all energy in service of Supreme Lord

Impersonalist – engages in meditation on impersonal Brahman, the unmanifested

b

Only way to have association of the Supreme Personality of Godhead — Devotional Service

c

Conclusion of every chapter of Bhagavad-gita — one should ‘attach to personal form’ e.g.

Chapter 2 – Living entity is spiritual spark. Absolute Truth is spiritual whole

Chapter 6 – 6.47 says bhakti-yoga is the best of all yogis

Chapter 7 – Living entity is part and parcel of the whole. Recommends one to transfer his full attention to the whole

Chapter 8 – Anyone who thinks of Krishna at the time of death at once goes to the spiritual sky, to the abode of Krishna

d

What Arjuna thinks of other processes:

Worship of the Impersonal feature – Waste of time because one cannot perfectly conceive of the impersonal feature of the Absolute Truth

Experience in Chapter 11 – The personal form of Krishna is best because

All other forms could be understood

No disturbance to love for Krishna

Further reading

Bhakti Is Superior To Impersonalism

A worshipper of the ‘Impersonal feature’ is -

Less perfect

Undergoes more difficulty than one who worships Krishna with great faith and great attention

The path of devotion is recommended because

It is not only easier to follow but also,

Krishna personally takes charge of delivering His devotee

Chapter 12, section I: Bhakti Is Superior To Impersonalism
2

Word for word

Learn the Sanskrit words of the verse.

  1. arjunaḥ uvācaArjuna said
  2. evamthus
  3. satataalways
  4. yuktāḥengaged
  5. yethose who
  6. bhaktāḥdevotees
  7. tvāmYou
  8. paryupāsateproperly worship
3

Key ideas in this verse

The spiritual concepts this verse connects to.

Key ideas: saṁśaya, viṣāda.

4

Live it

Take one thing from this verse into your day.

Ask yourself

What does BG 12.1 establish in Śrīla Prabhupāda's translation and purport, and how does it connect to questions & crisis?

Practice

Write down the real question behind your current dilemma.

5

The story behind it

Mahābhārata episodes and stories from the purports that shed light on this verse.

All stories for chapter 12 ›
6

Related verses

Keep going: verses that carry this teaching further.

Live this todayFix Your Mind on KṛṣṇaA practice from BG 12.8, close to this verse

Study notes are editorial summaries, not the translation. Confirm them in the original text and purport.