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Chapter 15 · The Yoga of the Supreme Person · 20 verses

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How to study this verse, in six steps
  1. 1Remember who is speaking. Kṛṣṇa is speaking. Take the verse as He directs.
  2. 2Say the verse and its words. Read the Sanskrit, then each word with its meaning.
  3. 3Read the translation as it is. Let the translation say what it says, without adding your own meaning.
  4. 4Read the purport. Hear the verse through the disciplic succession.
  5. 5Bring your own question. Ask: where does this verse meet my life, my trouble, my doubt?
  6. 6Act on it, remembering Kṛṣṇa. Carry one instruction into your work today.
Read the full guide: how to read the Bhagavad-gītā ›
Nature & guṇasChapter 15 · The Yoga of the Supreme Person

Bhagavad-gītā As It Is · Text 15.4

The inverted banyan tree of material existence

Īśvara · God

न रूपमस्येह तथोपलभ्यते

नान्तो न चादिर्न च सम्प्रतिष्ठा ।

अश्वत्थमेनं सुविरूढमूल-

मसङ्गशस्त्रेण दृढेन छित्त्वा ॥ ३ ॥

तत: पदं तत्परिमार्गितव्यं

यस्मिन्गता न निवर्तन्ति भूय: ।

तमेव चाद्यं पुरुषं प्रपद्ये

यत: प्रवृत्ति: प्रसृता पुराणी ॥ ४ ॥

na rūpam asyeha tathopalabhyate

nānto na cādir na ca sampratiṣṭhā

aśvattham enaṁ su-virūḍha-mūlam

asaṅga-śastreṇa dṛḍhena chittvā

tataḥ padaṁ tat parimārgitavyaṁ

yasmin gatā na nivartanti bhūyaḥ

tam eva cādyaṁ puruṣaṁ prapadye

yataḥ pravṛttiḥ prasṛtā purāṇī

Translation

The real form of this tree cannot be perceived in this world. No one can understand where it ends, where it begins, or where its foundation is. But with determination one must cut down this strongly rooted tree with the weapon of detachment. Thereafter, one must seek that place from which, having gone, one never returns, and there surrender to that Supreme Personality of Godhead from whom everything began and from whom everything has extended since time immemorial.

Read Śrīla Prabhupāda's purport on Vedabase.io
1

Understand it

What this verse is saying, and where it sits in the story.

3 study points

Surrender to the Supreme

  1. 1

    Seek the place from which one never returns, and surrender to the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the source of everything.

  2. 2

    Prabhupāda explains that Kṛṣṇa is this original source. Surrendering to Him frees one from attachment to material life.

  3. 3

    Hear from knowledgeable devotees and discuss spiritual teachings from authoritative scriptures to learn detachment.

Key points from the purport

These notes cover verses 15.3–4

The real form of this tree cannot be perceived in this world. Use the axe of ‘detachment’

This tree is not real, but a reflection of the real tree

Impossible to fully understand the real tree

Solution – But we can cut down this tree with determination with the axe of detachment

Desired destination – Then one must go beyond the tree and surrender to the Supreme Person (surrendering process is explained in Text 15.5) from whom entirety has sprout

a

Why real form cannot be understood

Because root is up and extension is at the other end

When we are entangled in material expansion one cannot see how far the tree extends and where is the beginning

b

Finding out the cause — Father’s father’s father’s… to Brahmaloka to Garbodaksayi Vishnu to Krishna

Krishna is the end of research work

How to search out that origin? – From association of persons in knowledge of Supreme Personality of Godhead

c

Benefits of this knowledge

One should gradually become detached from false reflection

Cut of this connection

Actually become situated in the real tree

d

Importance of the word “Asanga”

Attachment for sense enjoyment and lording over material nature is very strong

Therefore learn detachment by:

Discussion of sastras

Hear from those actually in knowledge – sadhus

Result of such discussion – One comes to Supreme Personality of Godhead and finally surrenders

Surrender / Devotional service results in automatic detachment SUMMARISED THEME 15A THE BANYAN TREE The material world: A perverted relflection of the spiritual world

a

Reflecting medium — Original tree of spiritual world is reflected on “Desire” / analogous to “Water” – “Desire” is the cause of things being situated in this reflected material light

b

Roots

The real root of this material existence grows upward

This means that it begins from the total material substance, from the topmost planet of the universe, Brahmaloka

The secondary roots are in the human planetary systems (Bhuloka) and grow downward and spread in all directions

They are bound to the fruitive actions of human society

Subsidiary roots are attachments and aversions, which are by products of different varieties of suffering and sense enjoyment

Tendencies towards piety and impiety are considered to develop from these secondary roots

c

Branches — Upper and lower planets

d

Leaves — Vedic Hymns

e

Twigs — Sense objects

f

Tips of branches — Senses

g

Fruits — Dharma, Artha, Kaama, Moksha

h

Nourishment — The three modes of material nature

i

The living entities involvement in this tree

Hops from one branch to another trying to taste the fruit

Can’t see how far the tree extends or where it ends

Although living entities are the eternal fragmental parts of Krishna, they are struggling with the senses (15.7) SUMMARISED THEME 15B THE ONLY WAY OUT OF THE TREE IS DETACHMENT – HOW? A) Find one in knowledge (15.4)

Hear properly from him,

About the relationship between the Lord and the living entity B) Surrender to the Lord (15.5)

Through the spiritual master

No false prestige that he is lord of material nature

No in illusion

Gives up false association

Free from dualities C) Attain the eternal abode (15.6)

Further reading

Becoming Detached From The Material World

One should detach himself from the material world

Material world is a reflection of spiritual world

One should surrender to Krishna and attain spiritual world

Chapter 15, section I: Becoming Detached From The Material World
2

Word for word

Learn the Sanskrit words of the verse.

  1. nanot
  2. rūpamthe form
  3. asyaof this tree
  4. ihain this world
  5. tathāalso
  6. upalabhyatecan be perceived
  7. nanever
  8. antaḥend
3

Key ideas in this verse

The spiritual concepts this verse connects to.

Key ideas: prakṛti, guṇa.

4

Live it

Take one thing from this verse into your day.

Ask yourself

What does BG 15.4 establish in Śrīla Prabhupāda's translation and purport, and how does it connect to nature & guṇas?

Practice

Observe which mode shaped your last decision.

5

The story behind it

Mahābhārata episodes and stories from the purports that shed light on this verse.

All stories for chapter 15 ›
6

Related verses

Keep going: verses that carry this teaching further.

Live this todayDetachment Through Surrender to KṛṣṇaA practice from BG 15.3-4, close to this verse

Study notes are editorial summaries, not the translation. Confirm them in the original text and purport.