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Read one verse of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam with its Sanskrit, word meanings, translation and study points.

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Canto 12 · The Age of Deterioration · 13 chapters

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How to study this verse, in six steps
  1. 1Chant the verse. Say the Sanskrit slowly and carefully.
  2. 2Read the word meanings. Go through each Sanskrit word and its meaning.
  3. 3Find the meaning yourself. Before the translation, piece the meaning together from the words.
  4. 4Read the translation. Ask: what is the Lord teaching here, and how does it apply to my life?
  5. 5Read the purport slowly. Read it two or three times. Don't rush.
  6. 6Write down what touched you. Note the main points in your own notebook.
Read the full guide: how to hear the Bhāgavatam ›

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam · Texts 12.3.9-13

Who is speaking and story frame

श्रीशुक उवाच

पृथु: पुरूरवा गाधिर्नहुषो भरतोऽर्जुन: ।

मान्धाता सगरो राम: खट्‌वाङ्गो धुन्धुहा रघु: ॥ ९ ॥

तृणबिन्दुर्ययातिश्च शर्याति: शन्तनुर्गय: ।

भगीरथ: कुवलयाश्व: ककुत्स्थो नैषधो नृग: ॥ १० ॥

हिरण्यकशिपुर्वृत्रो रावणो लोकरावण: ।

नमुचि: शम्बरो भौमो हिरण्याक्षोऽथ तारक: ॥ ११ ॥

अन्ये च बहवो दैत्या राजानो ये महेश्वरा: ।

सर्वे सर्वविद: शूरा: सर्वे सर्वजितोऽजिता: ॥ १२ ॥

ममतां मय्यवर्तन्त कृत्वोच्चैर्मर्त्यधर्मिण: ।

कथावशेषा: कालेन ह्यकृतार्था: कृता विभो ॥ १३ ॥

pṛthuḥ purūravā gādhir

nahuṣo bharato ’rjunaḥ

māndhātā sagaro rāmaḥ

khaṭvāṅgo dhundhuhā raghuḥ

tṛṇabindur yayātiś ca

śaryātiḥ śantanur gayaḥ

bhagīrathaḥ kuvalayāśvaḥ

kakutstho naiṣadho nṛgaḥ

hiraṇyakaśipur vṛtro

rāvaṇo loka-rāvaṇaḥ

namuciḥ śambaro bhaumo

hiraṇyākṣo ’tha tārakaḥ

anye ca bahavo daityā

rājāno ye maheśvarāḥ

sarve sarva-vidaḥ śūrāḥ

sarve sarva-jito ’jitāḥ

mamatāṁ mayy avartanta

kṛtvoccair martya-dharmiṇaḥ

kathāvaśeṣāḥ kālena

hy akṛtārthāḥ kṛtā vibho

Translation

“Such kings as Pṛthu, Purūravā, Gādhi, Nahuṣa, Bharata, Kārtavīrya Arjuna, Māndhātā, Sagara, Rāma, Khaṭvāṅga, Dhundhuhā, Raghu, Tṛṇabindu, Yayāti, Śaryāti, Śantanu, Gaya, Bhagīratha, Kuvalayāśva, Kakutstha, Naiṣadha, Nṛga, Hiraṇyakaśipu, Vṛtra, Rāvaṇa, who made the whole world lament, Namuci, Śambara, Bhauma, Hiraṇyākṣa and Tāraka, as well as many other demons and kings who possessed great powers of control over others, were all full of knowledge, heroic, all-conquering and unconquerable. Nevertheless, O almighty Lord, although they lived their lives intensely trying to possess me, these kings were subject to the passage of time, which reduced them all to mere historical accounts. None of them could permanently establish their rule.”

Read the purport on Vedabase.io

From Canto 10, chapter 14 onward, the translation and purports were completed by Śrīla Prabhupāda's disciples after his departure, and published by the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.

1

Understand it

Three study points drawn from the translation and purport.

Time Ends Every Ruler’s Supremacy

  1. 1

    Powerful, learned and heroic kings tried intensely to possess the earth. Time reduced them to historical accounts, and none established permanent rule.

  2. 2

    Pṛthu Mahārāja, an incarnation of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, displayed the characteristics of an earthly king. A saintly king rules on the Lord’s behalf, whereas a demon exploits the earth for personal sense gratification.

  3. 3

    Both saintly kings and demons must leave the earth, so time ends their political supremacy. Modern leaders, with fragmented power and brief lives, likewise face frustration in their misdirected ambitions.

Key points from the purport
  • Pṛthu Mahārāja is understood to be an incarnation of the Supreme Personality of Godhead who completely exhibited the characteristics of an earthly king, claiming proprietorship over the entire earth.
  • A saintly king like Pṛthu Mahārāja, however, controls the earth on behalf of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, whereas a demon such as Hiraṇyakaśipu or Rāvaṇa tries to exploit the earth for his personal sense gratification.
  • Nevertheless, both saintly kings and demons must leave the earth.

The purport's own sentences, chosen from the purport as its central points. Read the full purport on Vedabase to see them in place.

How it feels

Civilizational dread → Dispassion. Social and cosmic impermanence expose the limits of worldly plans.

Chapters 1–4 of Canto 12: The deterioration of Kali and universal dissolution. An editorial reading of the story's mood, not the text itself. See the emotional arc

Further reading

Chapter 3: The Bhūmi-gītā

From the chapter summary, the lines nearest this verse:

It also describes how even though the Age of Kali is full of faults, the glorification of the name of Lord Hari destroys them all. Great kings, who are actually just playthings of death, desire to subdue their six internal enemies — the five senses and the mind — and afterward they imagine they will go on to conquer the earth and all its oceans.
Read the whole chapter summaryBack to this verse in chapter 12.3
2

Word for word

Learn the Sanskrit words of the verse.

  1. pṛthuḥ purūravāḥ gādhiḥMahārājas Pṛthu, Purūravā and Gādhi
  2. nahuṣaḥ bharataḥ arjunaḥNahuṣa, Bharata and Kārtavīrya Arjuna
  3. māndhātā sagaraḥ rāmaḥMāndhātā, Sagara and Rāma
  4. khaṭvāṅgaḥ dhundhuhā raghuḥKhaṭvāṅga, Dhundhuhā and Raghu
  5. tṛṇabinduḥ yayātiḥ caTṛṇabindu and Yayāti
  6. śaryātiḥ śantanuḥ gayaḥŚaryāti, Śantanu and Gaya
  7. bhagīrathaḥ kuvalayāśvaḥBhagīratha and Kuvalayāśva
  8. kakutsthaḥ naiṣadhaḥ nṛgaḥKakutstha, Naiṣadha and Nṛga
3

Key ideas in this verse

The subject this verse serves and the themes it speaks of.

  • Nirodha · Returning home, back to Godhead

    What happens when everything here comes to an end? · Subject 8 of 10

  • Jñāna · Spiritual insight

    Inquiry, revelation and discrimination between self and matter. · Theme in SB 12.3

    In this verse: “knowledge”

  • Rāja-dharma · Devotional leadership

    Serving and protecting through responsibility. · Theme in SB 12.3

    In this verse: “kings”

  • Viraha · Longing in separation

    Love and remembrance experienced in apparent absence. · Theme in SB 12.3

    In this verse: “lament”

Chapter themes come from the story phase this chapter belongs to.

4

Live it

Take one thing from this verse into your day.

Ask yourself

Am I using what I oversee on the Lord’s behalf or for personal sense gratification?

Practice

Review one responsibility today and identify one way to carry it out without seeking personal enjoyment or prestige.

5

The story around it

The story this chapter belongs to.

6

Connected stories

Keep going: stories told elsewhere in the Bhāgavatam that this verse or its purport brings in.

Live this todayTime Ends Every Ruler’s SupremacyThis verse's lesson: one practice and one question for today

Study points are short summaries, not the translation. Confirm them in the original text and purport on Vedabase.

Ask the BhāgavatamHave a question about SB 12.3.9-13? Get an answer from the verses themselves.