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Read one verse of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam with its Sanskrit, word meanings, translation and study points.

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Canto 4 · The Creation of the Fourth Order · 31 chapters

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How to study this verse, in six steps
  1. 1Chant the verse. Say the Sanskrit slowly and carefully.
  2. 2Read the word meanings. Go through each Sanskrit word and its meaning.
  3. 3Find the meaning yourself. Before the translation, piece the meaning together from the words.
  4. 4Read the translation. Ask: what is the Lord teaching here, and how does it apply to my life?
  5. 5Read the purport slowly. Read it two or three times. Don't rush.
  6. 6Write down what touched you. Note the main points in your own notebook.
Read the full guide: how to hear the Bhāgavatam ›

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam · Texts 4.23.1-3

Who is speaking and story frame

मैत्रेय उवाच

दृष्ट्वात्मानं प्रवयसमेकदा वैन्य आत्मवान् ।

आत्मना वर्धिताशेषस्वानुसर्ग: प्रजापति: ॥ १ ॥

जगतस्तस्थुषश्चापि वृत्तिदो धर्मभृत्सताम् ।

निष्पादितेश्वरादेशो यदर्थमिह जज्ञिवान् ॥ २ ॥

आत्मजेष्वात्मजां न्यस्य विरहाद्रुदतीमिव ।

प्रजासु विमन:स्वेक: सदारोऽगात्तपोवनम् ॥ ३ ॥

maitreya uvāca

dṛṣṭvātmānaṁ pravayasam

ekadā vainya ātmavān

ātmanā vardhitāśeṣa-

svānusargaḥ prajāpatiḥ

jagatas tasthuṣaś cāpi

vṛttido dharma-bhṛt satām

niṣpāditeśvarādeśo

yad-artham iha jajñivān

ātmajeṣv ātmajāṁ nyasya

virahād rudatīm iva

prajāsu vimanaḥsv ekaḥ

sa-dāro ’gāt tapo-vanam

Translation

At the last stage of his life, when Mahārāja Pṛthu saw himself getting old, that great soul, who was king of the world, divided whatever opulence he had accumulated amongst all kinds of living entities, moving and nonmoving. He arranged pensions for everyone according to religious principles, and after executing the orders of the Supreme Personality of Godhead in complete coordination with Him, he dedicated his sons unto the earth, which was considered to be his daughter. Then Mahārāja Pṛthu left the presence of his citizens, who were almost lamenting and crying from feeling separation from the King, and went to the forest alone with his wife to perform austerities.

Read Śrīla Prabhupāda's purport on Vedabase.io
1

Understand it

Three study points drawn from the translation and purport.

Fulfill Duties and Prepare for Godhead

  1. 1

    Mahārāja Pṛthu appeared as an empowered representative of Kṛṣṇa to execute the Supreme Lord’s orders. The Lord desires that living entities live happily and carry out their duties.

  2. 2

    After settling the affairs of the world, Pṛthu provided for his citizens and entrusted the rule to his sons. He was exemplary both in government and in retirement.

  3. 3

    Pṛthu went to the forest with his wife so that together they could perform austerities. His example teaches timely preparation for returning to Godhead and fully accepting the Supreme Lord’s shelter.

Key points from the purport
  • Mahārāja Pṛthu was one of the śaktyāveśa incarnations of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and as such he appeared on the surface of the earth to execute the orders of the Supreme.
  • Therefore, after executing the orders of the Supreme Personality of Godhead and settling the affairs of the world, Mahārāja Pṛthu was ready to retire.
  • Indeed, it was compulsory for everyone to go to the tapo-vana to fully accept the shelter of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, for it is very difficult to retire from family life and at the same time remain at home.

Śrīla Prabhupāda's own sentences, chosen from the purport as its central points. Read the full purport on Vedabase to see them in place.

Connected verses· 1

The purport of SB 4.23.1-3 quotesBG 4.7

As soon as there is some discrepancy in the execution of duties, the Lord appears on earth, as confirmed in Bhagavad-gītā (4.7): yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānir bhavati bhārata.

Each link is a verse the purport itself quotes, or a purport elsewhere that quotes this verse, shown with the purport's own words.

How it feels

Anger and disorder → Duty and devotion. Kingship shifts from domination to stewardship and renunciation.

Chapters 13–23 of Canto 4: Vena and Pṛthu: power, the Earth and stewardship. An editorial reading of the story's mood, not the text itself. See the emotional arc

Further reading

Chapter 23: Mahārāja Pṛthu’s Going Back Home

Pṛthu practices forest austerities and fixed devotion to Kṛṣṇa, then departs; Arci’s faithful service is praised.

Back to this verse in chapter 4.23
2

Word for word

Learn the Sanskrit words of the verse.

  1. maitreyaḥ uvācathe sage Maitreya continued to speak
  2. dṛṣṭvāafter seeing
  3. ātmānamof the body
  4. pravayasamold age
  5. ekadāonce upon a time
  6. vainyaḥKing Pṛthu
  7. ātma-vānfully conversant in spiritual education
  8. ātmanāby oneself
3

Key ideas in this verse

The subject this verse serves and the themes it speaks of.

  • Mukti · Liberation

    What is real freedom for the soul? · Subject 9 of 10

  • Viraha · Longing in separation

    Love and remembrance experienced in apparent absence. · Theme in SB 4.23

    In this verse: “separation”, “lamenting”, “crying”

  • Dharma · Duty and righteous conduct

    Right action as duty, responsibility and devotion. · Theme in SB 4.23

    In this verse: “religious”, “principles”, “duties”

  • Rāja-dharma · Devotional leadership

    Serving and protecting through responsibility. · Theme in SB 4.23

    In this verse: “king”, “citizens”, “government”

Chapter themes come from the story phase this chapter belongs to.

4

Live it

Take one thing from this verse into your day.

Ask yourself

How can I fulfill my responsibilities while making room to prepare for returning to Godhead?

Practice

Set aside five quiet minutes today to consider how you can give spiritual life a more regular place in your responsibilities.

5

The story around it

The story this chapter belongs to.

6

Connected stories

Keep going: stories told elsewhere in the Bhāgavatam that this verse or its purport brings in.

Live this todayFulfill Duties and Prepare for GodheadThis verse's lesson: one practice and one question for today

Study points are short summaries, not the translation. Confirm them in the original text and purport on Vedabase.

Ask the BhāgavatamHave a question about SB 4.23.1-3? Get an answer from the verses themselves.