Live Caitanya Caritamrta · CC Madhya 24.67
The Seven Uses of ‘Ca’
“ ‘The word “ca” [“and”] is used to connect a word or sentence with a previous word or sentence, to give the sense of aggregation, to assist the meaning, to give a collective understanding, to suggest another effort or exertion, or to fulfill the meter of a verse. It is also used in the sense of certainty.’
What the purport teaches
- ‘Ca’ can connect a word or sentence with a previous one, give the sense of aggregation, or assist the meaning.
- It can give a collective understanding, suggest another effort or exertion, or fulfill the meter of a verse.
- It can also express certainty. This explanation is quoted from the Viśva-prakāśa dictionary.
Try this today
Write down the seven uses of ‘ca,’ numbering them from one to seven.
Ask yourself
Which use of ‘ca’ goes furthest beyond your usual understanding of ‘and’?
Carry the question through the day, then answer it in your own words before sleep.
The study points are short summaries drawn from Śrīla Prabhupāda's translation and purport; the practice and question are plain words for trying the verse today.